Sustainable Procurement Tools

Summary

Scarce materials

This guidance is concerned with the procurement of products or services that contain materials that are known to be scarce or unsustainable. 

This guidance may be considered, where relevant, alongside Construction Policy Note (CPN) 1/2023 which draws attention to the publication of a new chapter (chapter 18) within the Client Guide to Construction Projects.  The guidance provides an overview of the client’s role in planning for sustainability in construction projects, particularly during the project initiation phase.

It is part of a series of guides which support the sustainable procurement duty tools to help public sector organisations embed sustainability into their procurement processes.

Materials scarcity is intertwined with security of materials and these matters should be considered alongside one another. Materials security is addressed in the Materials security guidance.

Description of risk or opportunity

• does the product or service procured potentially include the use of materials that are known to be scarce or unsustainable/critical raw materials (CRMs)?
• are there opportunities to minimise the use of such materials or use sustainably managed materials?

Examples

Materials known to be scarce or unsustainable/critical raw materials (CRMs) include timber and water, and minerals such as:

• antimony (used in flame proofing and glass)
• gallium (used in semi-conductors)
• magnesium (used in chemicals, medicine and fertilisers)
• tantalum (used in electronics/electronic equipment)
• rare earth metals/elements (used in magnets, batteries and steel)

Other materials where supply chain risks are emerging include:

• copper (used as a building material and in electrical wiring)
• indium (used in semi-conductors and glass)

CRMs are particularly important for sectors/industries and emerging innovations such as ICT, furniture, automative, renewable energy, defence, high tech products and construction.

The above information is not exhaustive.

Minimising risk

There are a range of materials whose scarcity poses a significant risk to Scottish business and there are several approaches to minimising these risks:

• minimising use/using alternative materials - wherever possible strive to reduce the overall amount of materials used, reduce the amount of primary or new material resources used by replacing these with reused or recycled materials 
• effective production techniques - any virgin materials used must be sustainably sourced and through the management of renewable material resources and minimising the impacts of extracting non-renewable resources
• effective recovery through closed loop systems - use materials as efficiently and sustainably as possible, preserving their value as long as possible, and recovering them wherever possible

In addition, the following might be considered:

1. Understanding which items being sourced are likely to be delayed or impacted, and planning for worst-case scenarios.
2. Accelerating the introduction of alternative suppliers.
3. Increasing safety stock levels.
4. Mapping suppliers and identifying those known to be located in high-risk geographies, in order to understand the extent of the potential problem.

Keeping the lines of communication open with suppliers is important, so that the organisation is informed of developments and challenges being faced by suppliers.

A circular economy approach has the potential to preserve valuable raw materials by ensuring that materials are retained within productive use, in a high value state, for as long as possible. It focuses on reshaping business and economic systems so that waste is ‘designed out’ of how we live.

It is important that when materials risks or opportunities are identified, that the options available are understood. This can be achieved through gathering market intelligence and supplier engagement.